Arcus senilis, or Arcus, is an age-related eye condition characterized by a gray, white, or blue ring around the outer edge of the cornea. Common in older adults, it is usually benign and does not affect vision. However, when seen in individuals under 40, it may be a sign of a more serious health condition.

What Is Arcus Senilis?

Arcus Senilis is a common age-related eye condition characterized by a gray, white, or blue ring or arc around the cornea of the eye. This ring is composed of lipid (fat) deposits and typically forms at the edge of the cornea, often without affecting vision. Though Arcus Senilis is usually harmless in older adults, its presence in younger individuals may signal underlying health concerns.

What Causes of Arcus?

Arcus Senilis results from lipid deposits inside the corneal stroma, the thick transparent layer forming the front of the eye. These lipids, including cholesterol and triglycerides, are carried through the bloodstream and may accumulate in the eye's peripheral corneal tissue over time.

Aging:

In individuals over 60, Arcus Senilis is considered a normal physiological change and not typically associated with systemic disease.

Hyperlipidemia:

In younger individuals (under 40), the condition may indicate elevated blood cholesterol or triglyceride levels, potentially signaling an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Genetics:

Familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic disorder characterized by high cholesterol levels, can lead to early development of Arcus Senilis.

What Are the Symptoms Arcus Senilis?

Arcus Senilis is asymptomatic and does not cause pain, redness, or visual disturbances. The hallmark sign is a visible gray or white arc or ring around the cornea, often starting as a semi-circle on the top or bottom and eventually forming a complete circle.

Diagnosis is made through a slit-lamp eye examination conducted by your Optometrist. While the condition itself is benign, further evaluation may be recommended to rule out systemic lipid disorders, especially in younger patients.

Is Arcus Senilis Harmful?

In most older adults, Arcus Senilis is harmless and does not require treatment. However, its appearance can be a cosmetic concern for some. The primary concern arises when it is seen in younger individuals, where it may be a sign of:

• Atherosclerosis
  

• Coronary artery disease
  

• Elevated LDL cholesterol levels
  

In such cases, blood lipid levels should be evaluated, and dietary or medical interventions may be necessary.

Can Arcus Senilis be Prevented?

While age-related Arcus Senilis cannot be prevented, maintaining overall cardiovascular and ocular health may help delay or mitigate its onset:

• Eat a balanced, low-fat diet.
  

• Exercise regularly to manage weight and cholesterol.
  

• Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol intake.
  

• Get regular comprehensive eye exams, especially if under 40 with visible arcus.